{"id":40073,"date":"2024-09-24T12:32:00","date_gmt":"2024-09-24T18:32:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/informante.mx\/?p=40073"},"modified":"2024-09-24T12:32:08","modified_gmt":"2024-09-24T18:32:08","slug":"exodo-cubano-alcanza-otro-record-mas-de-850-mil-personas-cruzaron-a-eua-en-casi-tres-anos","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/informante.mx\/?p=40073","title":{"rendered":"\u00c9xodo cubano alcanza otro r\u00e9cord: m\u00e1s de 850 mil personas cruzaron a EUA en casi tres a\u00f1os"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">La cifra revela una ca\u00edda poblacional del 18% en la isla, una situaci\u00f3n que no muestra signos de revertirse en el futuro cercano<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Redacci\u00f3n Informante<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>El&nbsp;<strong>\u00e9xodo migratorio&nbsp;<\/strong>que comenz\u00f3 en&nbsp;<strong>Cuba&nbsp;<\/strong>hace casi tres a\u00f1os sigue sin freno, marcando un significativo \u201c<strong>vaciamiento demogr\u00e1fico<\/strong>\u201d, como ya lo definieron distintos expertos en la materia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>M\u00e1s de 850 mil migrantes cubanos llegaron a los Estados Unidos desde octubre de 2021<\/strong>, seg\u00fan datos publicados por la Oficina de Aduanas y Protecci\u00f3n Fronteriza (CBP, por sus siglas en ingl\u00e9s).&nbsp;<strong>La cifra revela una ca\u00edda poblacional del 18% en la isla<\/strong>, una situaci\u00f3n que no muestra signos de revertirse en el futuro cercano.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201c<strong>El descenso de la poblaci\u00f3n ha continuado<\/strong>\u201d, afirm\u00f3 el economista y dem\u00f3grafo cubano&nbsp;<strong>Juan Carlos Albizu-Campos<\/strong>, en di\u00e1logo con el peri\u00f3dico espa\u00f1ol&nbsp;<em>El Pa\u00eds<\/em>. Hace unos meses, public\u00f3 un estudio que contradec\u00eda las estad\u00edsticas oficiales del r\u00e9gimen cubano, dado que asegur\u00f3 que en la isla viven s\u00f3lo&nbsp;<strong>8,62 millones de personas<\/strong>, no m\u00e1s de 11 millones como hab\u00eda indicado la dictadura.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Albizu-Campos subray\u00f3 que, junto al \u00e9xodo migratorio, tambi\u00e9n se observa una&nbsp;<strong>significativa disminuci\u00f3n en el n\u00famero de nacimientos&nbsp;<\/strong>y&nbsp;<strong>un aumento en la mortalidad<\/strong>. No hay j\u00f3venes en el pa\u00eds y la poblaci\u00f3n es cada vez mayor en promedio de edad.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Cubanos en el r\u00edo Grande despu\u00e9s de ingresar a los Estados Unidos desde M\u00e9xico en Eagle Pass, Texas (REUTERS\/Adrees Latif\/Archivo)\" height=\"3001\" width=\"4500\" class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/www.infobae.com\/new-resizer\/WI1ShE1XasCH12g1irnoLk7sEw8=\/420x280\/filters:format(webp):quality(85)\/cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com\/infobae\/WBWROP44B4MIDAXPEHR3BY3EZM.jpg%20420w\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.infobae.com\/new-resizer\/WI1ShE1XasCH12g1irnoLk7sEw8=\/420x280\/filters:format(webp):quality(85)\/cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com\/infobae\/WBWROP44B4MIDAXPEHR3BY3EZM.jpg 420w,https:\/\/www.infobae.com\/new-resizer\/i4BTuNWnW7JiIPWcBwBdYKiBG_I=\/768x512\/filters:format(webp):quality(85)\/cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com\/infobae\/WBWROP44B4MIDAXPEHR3BY3EZM.jpg 768w,https:\/\/www.infobae.com\/new-resizer\/3U-qi2EycHm3MTan7jLsJIuRhAs=\/992x661\/filters:format(webp):quality(85)\/cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com\/infobae\/WBWROP44B4MIDAXPEHR3BY3EZM.jpg 992w,https:\/\/www.infobae.com\/new-resizer\/XIgn9Fq98litYeeKAc6lL5Vg3b4=\/1200x800\/filters:format(webp):quality(85)\/cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com\/infobae\/WBWROP44B4MIDAXPEHR3BY3EZM.jpg 1200w,https:\/\/www.infobae.com\/new-resizer\/4m1D71prbNrrquXXP3c4mKDyUns=\/1440x960\/filters:format(webp):quality(85)\/cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com\/infobae\/WBWROP44B4MIDAXPEHR3BY3EZM.jpg 1440w\">Cubanos en el r\u00edo Grande despu\u00e9s de ingresar a los Estados Unidos desde M\u00e9xico en Eagle Pass, Texas (REUTERS\/Adrees Latif\/Archivo)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Las cifras reflejan que&nbsp;<strong>533.000 cubanos llegaron a Estados Unidos<\/strong>&nbsp;desde el 1 de octubre de 2021 hasta el cierre del a\u00f1o fiscal 2023. Adicionalmente,&nbsp;<strong>entre octubre de 2023 y agosto pasado se sumaron 208.000 solicitantes de asilo<\/strong>. Estos datos no consideran los&nbsp;<strong>110.000 cubanos beneficiados&nbsp;<\/strong>con el parole humanitario desde 2023 ni a aquellos que han migrado con otros tipos de visados. O sea, que&nbsp;<strong>el total se establece en m\u00e1s de 850.000 en casi tres a\u00f1os<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cEn t\u00e9rminos del a\u00f1o fiscal finalizado en agosto,&nbsp;<strong>el n\u00famero de encuentros de cubanos en las fronteras de Estados Unidos ya ha superado la cifra registrada en el a\u00f1o fiscal 2023<\/strong>\u2033, explic\u00f3 Albizu-Campos al medio citado, al tiempo que agreg\u00f3 que es probable que el total de migrantes cubanos hacia Estados Unidos para este a\u00f1o calendario supere las&nbsp;<strong>260.000 personas<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"El \u00e9xodo migratorio que comenz\u00f3 en Cuba hace casi tres a\u00f1os sigue sin freno (Archivo)\" height=\"658\" width=\"1170\" class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/www.infobae.com\/new-resizer\/eawygs1_O9WKYDjM8c5bk9vR3HM=\/420x236\/filters:format(webp):quality(85)\/arc-anglerfish-arc2-prod-infobae.s3.amazonaws.com\/public\/OQNSRGTL4NFNBJXCPUEY76NSRU%20420w\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.infobae.com\/new-resizer\/eawygs1_O9WKYDjM8c5bk9vR3HM=\/420x236\/filters:format(webp):quality(85)\/arc-anglerfish-arc2-prod-infobae.s3.amazonaws.com\/public\/OQNSRGTL4NFNBJXCPUEY76NSRU 420w,https:\/\/www.infobae.com\/new-resizer\/dPEi6q1yTVdQ-9SUSQAqNSFqxm4=\/768x432\/filters:format(webp):quality(85)\/arc-anglerfish-arc2-prod-infobae.s3.amazonaws.com\/public\/OQNSRGTL4NFNBJXCPUEY76NSRU 768w,https:\/\/www.infobae.com\/new-resizer\/18wI_ORHJO7-WNUrNe4Bncl-gzY=\/992x558\/filters:format(webp):quality(85)\/arc-anglerfish-arc2-prod-infobae.s3.amazonaws.com\/public\/OQNSRGTL4NFNBJXCPUEY76NSRU 992w,https:\/\/www.infobae.com\/new-resizer\/328EVXy15nfp5p1KH3PrskrcZOA=\/1200x675\/filters:format(webp):quality(85)\/arc-anglerfish-arc2-prod-infobae.s3.amazonaws.com\/public\/OQNSRGTL4NFNBJXCPUEY76NSRU 1200w,https:\/\/www.infobae.com\/new-resizer\/hfeLs0SqzWy-5SV4sdUucJoRrYs=\/1440x810\/filters:format(webp):quality(85)\/arc-anglerfish-arc2-prod-infobae.s3.amazonaws.com\/public\/OQNSRGTL4NFNBJXCPUEY76NSRU 1440w\">El \u00e9xodo migratorio que comenz\u00f3 en Cuba hace casi tres a\u00f1os sigue sin freno (Archivo)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Testimonios de la crisis<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Elsa&nbsp;<\/strong>se resisti\u00f3 a dejar&nbsp;<strong>Cuba<\/strong>&nbsp;hasta que se le cerraron las oportunidades y decidi\u00f3 sumarse en 2023 al&nbsp;<strong>\u00e9xodo de cubanos<\/strong>, que en poco tiempo alcanz\u00f3 niveles r\u00e9cord. Una sangr\u00eda sin precedentes, desde el inicio de la Revoluci\u00f3n en 1959, motivada por la grave&nbsp;<strong>crisis econ\u00f3mica<\/strong>&nbsp;de la isla.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>En medio de una galopante&nbsp;<strong>inflaci\u00f3n<\/strong>, as\u00ed como del&nbsp;<strong>desplome de la producci\u00f3n agr\u00edcola<\/strong>&nbsp;y de una lenta recuperaci\u00f3n del&nbsp;<strong>turismo&nbsp;<\/strong>en su pa\u00eds, la joven de 30 a\u00f1os parti\u00f3 en agosto desilusionada por el r\u00e1pido deterioro de la situaci\u00f3n econ\u00f3mica.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201c<strong>Era muy dif\u00edcil resolver y saciar las necesidades b\u00e1sicas<\/strong>, no hab\u00eda de nada, el tema de los apagones era insoportable y el de la comida, el precio del d\u00f3lar sub\u00eda sin parar\u201d, dijo esta comerciante independiente desde&nbsp;<strong>Miami<\/strong>, a donde lleg\u00f3 en noviembre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Como muchos de sus compatriotas,&nbsp;<strong>Elsa vol\u00f3 a Managua&nbsp;<\/strong>y, desde ah\u00ed, recorri\u00f3 un riesgoso camino de unos 3.000 km hasta llegar a la&nbsp;<strong>frontera de Estados Unidos<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Jorge Duany<\/strong>, director del&nbsp;<strong>Instituto de Investigaciones Cubanas<\/strong>&nbsp;de la&nbsp;<strong>Universidad Internacional de la Florida<\/strong>, ya hab\u00eda afirmado en enero que las cifras de ese momento representaban \u201c<strong>el mayor n\u00famero de migrantes cubanos jam\u00e1s registrado en dos a\u00f1os corridos desde el comienzo del \u00e9xodo cubano posrevolucionario en 1959<\/strong>\u2033.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>En dos a\u00f1os, al menos&nbsp;<strong>533.000 cubanos<\/strong>&nbsp;llegaron a Estados Unidos. Ahora, en&nbsp;<strong>casi tres<\/strong>, el n\u00famero sobrepasa los&nbsp;<strong>850.000<\/strong>. Todo esto,&nbsp;<strong>sin contar las entradas con otros tipos de visas&nbsp;<\/strong>sobre las cuales no hay cifras oficiales disponibles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Una calle de La Habana Vieja (REUTERS\/Alexandre Meneghini\/Archivo)\" height=\"534\" width=\"800\" class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/www.infobae.com\/new-resizer\/yFYzd2n072Qs7kSJ_VkKmvRI99Q=\/420x280\/filters:format(webp):quality(85)\/cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com\/infobae\/34CPY5TD5ZOMOMJ6PX2TQ5MSRU.jpg%20420w\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.infobae.com\/new-resizer\/yFYzd2n072Qs7kSJ_VkKmvRI99Q=\/420x280\/filters:format(webp):quality(85)\/cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com\/infobae\/34CPY5TD5ZOMOMJ6PX2TQ5MSRU.jpg 420w,https:\/\/www.infobae.com\/new-resizer\/jUARVA0D6hu3rpkVOinxGN8kVuQ=\/768x512\/filters:format(webp):quality(85)\/cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com\/infobae\/34CPY5TD5ZOMOMJ6PX2TQ5MSRU.jpg 768w,https:\/\/www.infobae.com\/new-resizer\/yInxjvrkzubGjz-skHhzUcFhYnw=\/992x661\/filters:format(webp):quality(85)\/cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com\/infobae\/34CPY5TD5ZOMOMJ6PX2TQ5MSRU.jpg 992w,https:\/\/www.infobae.com\/new-resizer\/hrN2p7pZeyq_LWAFa4T92g8IUcg=\/1200x800\/filters:format(webp):quality(85)\/cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com\/infobae\/34CPY5TD5ZOMOMJ6PX2TQ5MSRU.jpg 1200w,https:\/\/www.infobae.com\/new-resizer\/FR7q5rslluLKke9eJiUsWGLeJWo=\/1440x960\/filters:format(webp):quality(85)\/cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com\/infobae\/34CPY5TD5ZOMOMJ6PX2TQ5MSRU.jpg 1440w\">Una calle de La Habana Vieja (REUTERS\/Alexandre Meneghini\/Archivo)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u201cUna p\u00e9rdida sustancial\u201d<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>A esta&nbsp;<strong>ola migratoria<\/strong>&nbsp;s\u00f3lo le preceden la del&nbsp;<strong>Mariel<\/strong>, en la d\u00e9cada de 1980, cuando&nbsp;<strong>130.000 cubanos<\/strong>&nbsp;partieron; seguida por los \u201c<strong>balseros<\/strong>\u201d en 1994 con&nbsp;<strong>35.000&nbsp;<\/strong>y la huida por razones pol\u00edticas entre 1960 y 1963 de 300.000 al principio de la revoluci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>En estos a\u00f1os se han ido \u201c<strong>muchos j\u00f3venes con niveles educativos y ocupacionales elevados<\/strong>\u201d, lo que \u201c<strong>representa una p\u00e9rdida sustancial de recursos humanos<\/strong>\u201d para Cuba, que tiene una de las poblaciones m\u00e1s envejecidas de la regi\u00f3n, agreg\u00f3 Duany.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Am\u00e9rica Latina<\/strong>&nbsp;y&nbsp;<strong>Europa&nbsp;<\/strong>tambi\u00e9n son destino de decenas de miles de cubanos, sin embargo, no hay una cifra oficial global. Por ejemplo,&nbsp;<strong>36.574 cubanos<\/strong>&nbsp;pidieron refugio en&nbsp;<strong>M\u00e9xico&nbsp;<\/strong>entre 2022 y 2023, mientras que&nbsp;<strong>al menos 22.000 ingresaron a Uruguay y cientos llegaron a Chile<\/strong>, seg\u00fan cifras oficiales de estos tres pa\u00edses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Radibel Pe\u00f1a<\/strong>, un carpintero de 28 a\u00f1os, vol\u00f3 en abril de 2023 desde La Habana hacia&nbsp;<strong>Georgetown<\/strong>, en Guyana, que no exige visa a los cubanos. Despu\u00e9s recorri\u00f3&nbsp;<strong>Brasil&nbsp;<\/strong>y pas\u00f3 a&nbsp;<strong>Bolivia<\/strong>, desde donde ingres\u00f3 ilegalmente a&nbsp;<strong>Chile<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201c<strong>Aqu\u00ed hay de todo. Uno, trabajando dignamente, vive bien<\/strong>\u201d, narr\u00f3 en su momento a la agencia de noticias&nbsp;<em>AFP&nbsp;<\/em>desde Valpara\u00edso, en el centro de Chile, donde trabaja en la construcci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"La salida masiva inici\u00f3 en noviembre de 2021, cuando Nicaragua, un aliado de Cuba, elimin\u00f3 el requisito de visa para cubanos. En la foto, los dictadores Daniel Ortega y Miguel Diaz-Canel (EFE\/Ernesto Mastrascusa\/Archivo)\" height=\"3648\" width=\"5472\" class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/www.infobae.com\/new-resizer\/nRJj2_4L4xK9p9syKO5JwX_S7vA=\/420x280\/filters:format(webp):quality(85)\/cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com\/infobae\/2GJTXBGZ25BM3P23QNRKBJSEZU.jpg%20420w\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.infobae.com\/new-resizer\/nRJj2_4L4xK9p9syKO5JwX_S7vA=\/420x280\/filters:format(webp):quality(85)\/cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com\/infobae\/2GJTXBGZ25BM3P23QNRKBJSEZU.jpg 420w,https:\/\/www.infobae.com\/new-resizer\/F8DUGJKOyESQxUfVrEBXaRzEiu0=\/768x512\/filters:format(webp):quality(85)\/cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com\/infobae\/2GJTXBGZ25BM3P23QNRKBJSEZU.jpg 768w,https:\/\/www.infobae.com\/new-resizer\/xkYtTFKJ-t8zmMZKiteZT6xvbXs=\/992x661\/filters:format(webp):quality(85)\/cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com\/infobae\/2GJTXBGZ25BM3P23QNRKBJSEZU.jpg 992w,https:\/\/www.infobae.com\/new-resizer\/oytCFmd2I-1FjqwoiYurkj01HHc=\/1200x800\/filters:format(webp):quality(85)\/cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com\/infobae\/2GJTXBGZ25BM3P23QNRKBJSEZU.jpg 1200w,https:\/\/www.infobae.com\/new-resizer\/jC1L_8Ozhb-9htaGtAyZCX8JoxI=\/1440x960\/filters:format(webp):quality(85)\/cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com\/infobae\/2GJTXBGZ25BM3P23QNRKBJSEZU.jpg 1440w\">La salida masiva inici\u00f3 en noviembre de 2021, cuando Nicaragua, un aliado de Cuba, elimin\u00f3 el requisito de visa para cubanos. En la foto, los dictadores Daniel Ortega y Miguel Diaz-Canel (EFE\/Ernesto Mastrascusa\/Archivo)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Intolerancia<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>La salida masiva inici\u00f3 en noviembre de 2021, cuando&nbsp;<strong>Nicaragua<\/strong>, un aliado de Cuba, elimin\u00f3 el requisito de visa para cubanos. Una v\u00e1lvula de escape para la isla sumida en su peor<strong>&nbsp;crisis econ\u00f3mica<\/strong>&nbsp;en tres d\u00e9cadas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>En 2023 se dispar\u00f3 tambi\u00e9n un&nbsp;<strong>inusual tr\u00e1fico de vuelos subarrendados&nbsp;<\/strong>cargados de migrantes cubanos hacia Managua, un fen\u00f3meno que llev\u00f3 a&nbsp;<strong>Washington&nbsp;<\/strong>a sancionar en noviembre a estas empresas a\u00e9reas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>En Europa,&nbsp;<strong>Espa\u00f1a&nbsp;<\/strong>es uno de los destinos favoritos de los isle\u00f1os, en especial luego de la aprobaci\u00f3n en 2022 de la llamada&nbsp;<strong>ley de nietos<\/strong>, que permite obtener la nacionalidad a descendientes de espa\u00f1oles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Marco Antonio N\u00e1poles \u00c1lvarez<\/strong>, un mesero de 24 a\u00f1os de la provincia de&nbsp;<strong>Holgu\u00edn<\/strong>, espera viajar a Madrid con su hermana tras obtener su pasaporte espa\u00f1ol. \u201c<strong>Tenemos pensado instalarnos all\u00e1 a ver si nos va bien<\/strong>\u201d, cont\u00f3 a la salida de la embajada con el pasaporte espa\u00f1ol en la mano.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>En tanto,&nbsp;<strong>Ra\u00fal Bonachea<\/strong>, un dramaturgo de 35 a\u00f1os, se qued\u00f3 en Madrid en septiembre con una visa de residencia art\u00edstica. \u201c<strong>Fue la oportunidad que tuve para salir<\/strong>\u201d, dijo quej\u00e1ndose de que en la isla deb\u00eda tener hasta&nbsp;<strong>seis trabajos<\/strong>&nbsp;para cubrir los gastos b\u00e1sicos y decepcionado por la \u201cintolerancia\u201d en su pa\u00eds gobernado por el&nbsp;<strong>Partido Comunista de Cuba<\/strong>&nbsp;(PCC, \u00fanico).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em><sub><sup>INFOBAE<\/sup><\/sub><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\" style=\"font-size:17px\"><strong><i>Toda la informaci\u00f3n que necesitas saber la encuentras en nuestras <\/i><strong style=\"\"><em style=\"font-style: italic;\">redes sociales y canal de <\/em><\/strong><\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/t.me\/informantemx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong><em>Telegram<\/em><\/strong><\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\" style=\"font-size:17px\"><strong><em>!\u00danete!<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-image aligncenter uagb-block-3acd28e8 wp-block-uagb-image--layout-default wp-block-uagb-image--effect-zoomin wp-block-uagb-image--align-center\"><figure class=\"wp-block-uagb-image__figure\"><a class=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/t.me\/informantemx\" target=\"\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" srcset=\"https:\/\/informante.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Banner-Telegram-Verde-800x60-1.png ,https:\/\/informante.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Banner-Telegram-Verde-800x60-1.png 780w, https:\/\/informante.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Banner-Telegram-Verde-800x60-1.png 360w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 480px) 150px\" 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